Thursday, January 13, 2011

Jefferson-Marshall (1800-1812)


Revolution of 1800 and War of 1812
Jefferson elected president
Jefferson maintained neutrality, allowed the US bank to continue its charter, eliminated the excise tax, and reduced the military
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Marshall Court led by...
1801- 1835 John Marshall: Chief Justice of Supreme Court,
1803 Marbury vs. Madison: establishes the idea of Judicial REview, that the SC can overturn a law it deems unconstitutional, and fine tunes the checks and balances system
1819 McCullough vs. Maryland: supreme court had right to charter banks, state banks couldn't put a tax on federal banks
1824 Gibbons vs. ogden: Federal govn't intervention in interstate trade is justified
1824 Dartmouth College vs. Woodward : sanctity of contracts is to be always upheld 
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1803 Louisiana Purchase- Jefferson bought territory west of Mississippi. Doubled size of US, contrary to his idea of a strict construction. led to lewis and clark explorations
Barbary Hostages- North African Barbary States held US ships hostage, and Jefferson was forced to pay tribute to protect ships (continued until 1815).
Tensions between France and Britain led to....
Essex Decision- trade closed in peace time cannot be opened during war time- US could not trade with French west indies
Leopard-Chesapeake Incident- impressment of US sailors to bulk up GB navy. The Leopard ship kidnapped soldiers from the Chesapeake ship. 
Orders in Council- GB inhibits neutral trade with France
Berlin Decree- France does same^ to GB
Milan Decree- France would seize Ships that obey Brits orders in council. 
Instead of going to war, US tried to punish the commercial interests of GB and France with...
Non-Intercourse act- boycott GB
Embargo Act- prohibited all foreign trade- devastated New England economy
Non-Intercourse act #2- opened trade with all nations except GB and France
Macon's Bill No. 2- declares to not trade with enemy of country that will stop violence against US ships- Madison tricked by France. 


Effects of War 1812- 
-US economy devastated 
-Large parts of capitol destroyed 
-intensified nationalism 
-federalists lost power (ushered in era of good feelings)
-Generals Jackson and Harrison won popularity
Jacksonian Democracy (1820's-1850's)
FREPing a reform
Forming the movement
Recruiting to the movement
Educating the movement
Politicizing the movement
Grassroots: any non-governmental reform movement, usually started at the local/state level
Expectant vs. Entrenched Capitalists: those who have money, but no way to use it in the economy, vs those who are already big players in the game, established